Love in the Time Essay

The actions of human nature with regards to sexual drive and concepts of love are not easily explained using only conventional conceptual studies such as Evolutionary Sociology. For instance it is some how difficult to explain human behaviors such as celibacy, homosexuality, and adoption from these aspects. However, the evolutionary process is used to describe how humans came into being by a process of change over a substantial period of time. In this case, some human actions is viewed as direct results of certain behavioral evolution, which makes use of thorough studies of other primates and many other animals in the animal kingdom, with the aim of discovering linking keys to unlock some behaviors. On the other hand, some of the strongest concepts can be linked to Evolutionary Sociobiology where the evolutionary past of humans is a vital tool for the explanation of their present actions. Additionally, all concepts that humans act upon, not easily explained with evolution in today’s world, can be shown to be results of the interactions of an information pattern, held in each individual’s memory and which is capable of being passed to that of another individual. Thus, these ideas can be stored biochemically in human brains, but also can be transmitted in visually or orally, in writing, music, or TV for example. These facts are fundamental to the views of this paper, which is a stringent account aimed at exposing the influences of two seemingly dicey elements of human interactions, namely; love and lust. This paper presents its views with vital emphasis on the lessons inherent in two of Scott Fitzgerald’s publications; that is ‘The Great Gatsby’ and ‘The Offshore Pirate’, as well as other vital resources which were consulted during this research. Introduction. Love can be defined as a number of emotions and experiences related to a sense of strong affection. It can refer to a variety of different feelings, states, and attitudes, including pleasure (for example, one can be in love with a substance such as fashion, life style, car and so on) and in interpersonal attraction (such as falling in love with someone). The circumstance in which one falls in love with a particular entity can some times be strange. An instance of this is found in the fiction story ‘The Offshore Pirate’, in which one the characters (Ardita) fell in love with a stranger whom she met under an unforeseen circumstance, thus she didn’t hesitate to confess her feeling to him (Fitzgerald 29). Although the nature or essence of love is a subject of frequent debate, different aspects of the word can be clarified by determining what isn’t love. As a general expression of positive sentiment (a stronger form of like), love is commonly contrasted with hate (or neutral apathy); as a less sexual and more emotionally intimate form of romantic attachment, love is commonly contrasted with lust; and as an interpersonal relationship with romantic overtones, love is commonly contrasted with friendship, although other definitions of the word love may be applied to close friendships in certain contexts. On the other hand, lust is a shallow type of love known as Eros. Recent critics have tended to prefer desire or Eros over love not only because of the latter word’s association with sentiment but also because an earlier generation of Shakespeare scholars identified it with a state in which characters rise above the trammeling conditions of social, political, and economic relations (Schalkwyk 76). Thus, Lust is merely a variation of consciousness’s project to become its own foundation, a project that necessarily fails. How Can Love Be Identified? Love between humans can be identified in many ways, but the most common way is that it connotes a sense of steady friendship and faithfulness as well as the spirit of forgiveness even in the face of faithfulness. Just like the couple (Tom and Daisy) in Scott Fitzgerald’s ‘The Great Gatsby’ forgave each other’s flaws. Love is a subset of desires of which sexual acts such as kissing is an integral part. So it is not strange for one to develop such desires at first sight of what he or she wants or would love to have. Thus, the case of the nineteen year old ‘Ardita’ expressing her feelings for the young stranger she met (Fitzgerald 30). Love tends to bring together things that would naturally be in diversity, forcing these to rather identify what they have in common (Fitzgerald 23). Hence, it is a gateway to romantic relationships. A romantic relationship is an important part of many people’s lives, but not the whole. Balance is about understanding where your relationship fits into the life you have. A person who’s working 80 hours a week may genuinely not have time or energy for any kind of relationship at all. A person who’s raising children must consider their needs as well as his or her own. Emotional honesty (starting with that first time you confess love) isn’t achieved simply or quickly. It takes work, work that will go on for the rest of your relationship, both with yourself and with your partner. It also brings deep rewards in the form of closeness and trust. Signs of healthy relationships include being open to change, to the process of facing and accepting uncomfortable emotions. More than any other part of a relationship, the work of emotional honesty is founded in love. It takes a leap of faith to drop your defenses and trust your partner with the feelings, thoughts, dreams, ideas and words that are most essentially yours. Human Actions mentored by Love. Responsibility; this act includes having the time to devote to the physical capacity to carry out certain tasks. This requires a lot of time and sacrifice from all parties involved. Time, more often than not, is something that gets in the way of being able to devote oneself. Commitment; this involves boycotting all nefarious acts such as unfaithfulness, which tends to breach the contract instituted by love. Achieving Goals; this includes the ultimate goal of mastering the art of love as well as all the stepping stones along the way. Staying focused on the present is important, yet without an idea of where one is heading it’s easy to get lost. Confidence; love serves as an instrument that bestows confidence among it participants Patience; hand-in-hand with confidence, patience is needed to persevere through the low points. If martial arts were easy, everyone would do it. The same goes for love. Truly opening yourself to another, being vulnerable, and accepting the other unconditionally takes a lot of effort. It is a common misconception that â€Å"love should just come naturally. † Persistence; working closely with confidence, persistence requires having faith in the process of learning. That even though you don’t get it all now, if you keep at it, eventually you will. Action that Depicts Lust. Lust is a physical emotion that humans act upon in the heat of the moment. Yet few would fall in love with someone who didn’t turn them on, and that can lead to problems. Here are some tips to identify lust; †¢ If one only want to be with another person just to have sex, it’s lust. †¢ If one tries to describe his or her friend and can only talk about physical appearance and body parts, that’s lust. †¢ If a person doesn’t call or converse with the other party except when he or she wants physical pleasure, that’s lust. †¢ If one lies to someone in order to get into bed with him or her, that’s lust. It’s possible for an affair based purely on lust to develop into a healthy relationship based on love, but it doesn’t occur often. You may be better off spending your time with someone who sees and appreciates you with clothes on. Conclusion. Real love exists between equals. Neither partner is considered inferior or superior, though different roles may be assumed. One party’s wants, needs and fears are no more or less important, though they may at times be more or less urgent, than those of the second party. Both deserve time, energy, and resources. In summary it is important to note that humans are all animals being controlled by a conscience in one form or another. Its hard to have any proof of what it is actually. However, it is some form of a soul or divine presence or just a series of memes that have dominance in our minds taking over some of our functions to insure that the meme itself is able to survive as long as possible and to reproduce itself, spreading to other minds and trying controlling them in much the same way, truly acting like a virus for the computer that is our brain. Thus, memetics may basically provide a partial answer to how love or lust mentors our behaviors, just as evolutionary sociobiology, but do these two concepts complete the picture of human behavior? Maybe there is a part to us that is non-material a spirit or such that instead of being memetics controlling us, it controls us and memetics influences that. Something has to select the memes, decide between them and there maybe something beyond our comprehension to explain this. Works Cited John Armstrong, Conditions of Love: The philosophy of Intimacy. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2003. Gabriel Garcia Marquez, Love in the Time of Cholera . New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2003. Diane Ackerman, A. Natural History of Love . New York: Random House, 1994. Fitzgerald, Scott F. The Offshore Pirate. Kessinger Publishing,2007. Fitzgerald, Scott F. The Great Gatsby. Schalkwyk, David. â€Å"Love and Service in Twelfth Night and the Sonnets. †Byline56(2005) p76.

Poem Line Written in Early Spring Essay

William Wordsworth was born in 1770 in Wordsworth House in Cockermouth – part of the scenic region in northwest England, the Lake District. Wordsworth attended Hawkshead Grammar School where his passion for poetry was recognized. After leaving Hawkshead, Wordsworth studied in Cambridge and at the end of his education he commenced a walking Tour of France, an experience that without doubt influenced his poetry. In 1793 are published his first two collections with poetry An Evening Walk and Descriptive Sketches. Wordsworth greatest work is considered to be The Prelude, autobiographical poem, which he started writing at the age of 28 and continued to work on it through all of his life and it’s published after his death. Wordsworth is one of the first Romantic Era poets. He thought that the English poetry had to be based rather on feelings than intellect and style. Wordsworth was describes as a pantheist. According to the Oxford dictionary â€Å"pantheism† (origin: mid 18th century: from pan- ‘all’ + Greek theos – ‘god’ + -ism) is â€Å"a doctrine which identifies God with the universe, or regards the universe as a manifestation of God. † He believed that Nature represented the manifestation of God. In Wordsworth’s poems we can notice that there are strong relationships between man and nature. He’s inspired mainly by nature. His works are characterized by his credo of reflecting a great admiration towards Nature. His affection towards it is expressed without any limitations. Apparently Wordsworth used to pace up and down a long path whilst he thought up his poems – immersing himself in the beautiful tranquility that surrounded him. The poem â€Å"Lines Written in Early Spring† is part of the collection Lyrical ballads, published in 1798 and considered to have marked the beginning of the English Romantic movement in literature. The poem is composed of six four-line stanzas, and is written in iambs with an abab rhyme scheme for each stanza. The title â€Å"Lines Written in Early Spring† itself is vague, but it gives the impression of renewed life and beauty. In the poem the poet compares the state of mankind with the state of nature. He suggests that mankind and nature are not as different as they are from the point of view of happiness, when he writes: â€Å"To her fair works did Nature link The human soul that through me ran; And much it grieved my heart to think What man has made of man. † (lines 4-8) Wordsworth writes â€Å"To her fair works did Nature link / The human soul that through me ran†. lines 5-6), that shows that according the author the human soul and the natural world are part of the same unity. One of the literary devices which Wordsworth uses is the personification: â€Å"And ’tis my faith that every flower / Enjoys the air it breathes† (11-12). The flower is given a human characteristic of â€Å"enjoying the air it breaths†. Another personification is in stanz a 5, where he gives to the budding twigs the ability to spread out their fan to catch the breezy air: â€Å"The budding twigs spread out their fan, / To catch the breezy air;†(17-18). Wordsworth also describes the Nature as a creature when he gives it the ability to plan: â€Å"If this belief from heaven be sent, / If such be Nature’s holy plan,† (21-22). Another interesting thing in the poem is the fact that the perfection of nature makes the speaker sad. Melancholy comes almost immediately because of the contrast between nature and humanity. The speaker seems to feel that it is his responsibility to think about the mistakes of humanity. This is especially evident in the question posed in the last stanza. In conclusion the poet gives two presumptions: that his belief of joy being present there is divine; and that the connection of man with nature is the plan of God (Nature). If these two are true then he definitely has a reason to lament over the man’s fate brought on him as a result of living with his fellow human beings away from nature: â€Å"Have I not reason to lament / What Man has made of Man? † (lines 23-24). In this poem the poet wants that there should be a perfect harmony between man and nature. And then the poet is disappointed over the fact that man has selfishly ruin his own peace of mind and joy of life. William Wordsworth loved the Nature. He looked upon it as a healing force. This poem is a good representation of its time period because it gives insight into how many people neglected nature, and the troubles and lifestyles of people during the Romantic period. William Wordsworth is a nature lover as he always loved the quiet and peaceful nature. ature was a healer a nurse a teacher and as a protector to him. he always loved the eye catching colors and wonders of nature hence he was a lot inspired by mother nature and its wonders. The pantheism is the philosophy of believing in nature as the divine reflection, each and every object of nature represents God. Wordswort was a mystic poet, who in his various works portrays nature as a guide, teacher, mother, and even an object to fear and learn the lesson of life.

Bowlby Juvenile Study

Bowlby Juvenile Study In the following essay I will be looking at the case study of John Bowlby and the 44 Juvenile thieves. I will be describing the original hypothesis of the study and what Bowlby aimed to find. I will then look at two other key psychological studies into human behaviour. Once I have looked at all three of the studies, I will then look at the research methods used by all three. I will closely look at the ethical implications of the studies as well as the practical applications used in each. John Bowlby (1907-1990) was a Psychoanalyst who worked at the London Child Guidance Clinic between 1936 and 1939. Bowlby believed that mental health and behavioural problems could be attached to early childhood experience just as Freud did. He aimed to prove that separation from Mothers or sole carers before the age of five affected children’s adolescent behaviour. Bowlby took 44 patients that had come into his clinic who were thieves that had been recommended by their school, parents or soci al carers. The group of thieves were split into two groups, these were grade I who had only stolen once, and the other was grade IV who were repeat offenders. He then took another group of 44 children who were emotionally disturbed but not thieves, this group was known as the control group. The 88 children involved in this study were all aged between five and sixteen. In the group of thieves there were 31 boys and 13 girls whilst in the control group there were 34 boys and 10 girls. There were three key studies in this case study which were run by a psychologist, social worker and a psychiatrist. The first was an IQ test which was invigilated by one of the clinic psychologists; the test was done as each of the participants entered into the clinic. The psychologist found that as well as all of the participants being similar in age, they were all similar in their IQ so they were no anomalies when comparing the educational background of the children. The second study was an interview o f the participant’s parents that was held by a social worker, the aim of this was to record details of the child’s early life. The third study was an interview held with the child and the parent that they were with; this was held by a psychiatrist to see if the details given by the parents matched with those of the child. The social worker and psychiatrist made separate reports which were compared when they had completed them in regard to each child. Once the reports had been compared, the children were then split into different groups, these were; Normal No Abnormal symptoms Depressed Showing symptoms of depression Circular Showing symptoms of depression and over activity Hyperthymic Over activity Affectionless No affection for others and no sense of shame or responsibility Schizoid Withdrawn and lacking relationships with others Priggish Showing symptoms of anxiety or hysteria    The results have some significant anomalies; the 14 affect ionless characters are statistically significant, this is because 13 of the 14 (93%) were grade IV thieves; this clearly shows that the affectionless have been very misguided and uncared for in the childhood. Over half of the grade IV thieves were affectionless. Other findings are that 19 of the cases had suffered prolonged separation from their sole carer during their first five years. 17 of the 19 that had suffered prolonged separation were thieves and 12 of these 17 were classed as affectionless. Of the 23 that were grade IV thieves, 14 of them had suffered prolonged separation.

The difference between informative and argumentative speech Assignment

The difference between informative and argumentative speech - Assignment Example Whether argumentative or informative, all speeches have a purpose. There should be a reason why the speech is necessary and a desired outcome from the speech. Informative speeches are generally given as a form of instruction with the desired outcome to be something such as to have a more informed audience or to introduce a new idea. The fundamental goal of the informative speech is to â€Å"provide interesting, useful and unique information to your audience† (Writing @ CSU, 2010). The audience is often called together with the expectation of hearing a speech and the atmosphere is almost always relatively calm. This is not necessarily true with occasions in which an argumentative speech is called for. These speeches are given with the intent to convince the audience of a specific point of view. This type of speech may be a planned speech, a sales pitch or even an impromptu delivery at a political meeting in which the audience may or may not be calm and receptive. The desired ou tcome is to maintain or acquire supporters. The topics most often addressed by these types of speeches are another area in which the concepts might overlap but the focus is skewed. Informative speeches, for example, can be given about objects, processes, events or concepts. All of these can be covered by an argumentative speech as well. The difference is that the informative speech focuses on factual information about these things, offering ideas and proof that can be generally accepted as fact or the correct answer. Argumentative speeches often address these topics in ways that the conclusions reached are debatable – there may be more than one right answer. An example of this difference is an informative speech that instructs the audience about the specific features available on a new hybrid car against an argumentative speech about that same car that focuses on why those features are better than similar features being offered by another

Caretakers' Emotional Responses to Providing Care to Elderly Loved Essay

Caretakers' Emotional Responses to Providing Care to Elderly Loved Ones in Assisted Living Facilities - Essay Example ructured interviews allows for responses such as 'I started feeling a little resentful' (p10), an emotion which may not be typically associated with ailing relatives. There are fewer assumptions being placed on the data being collected, which leaves more room for hypothesis generation. Weaknesses of the Research by Sanderson & Meyers (2008) There are strengths, outlined above, of qualitative data that are applicable to this study. Correspondingly, there are weaknesses. Firstly, it can be hard to generate data and representations of this data for use in the published paper (Thorne, Kirkham & MacDonald-Emes, 1997). This can make it difficult for both readers and researchers to visualize the topic in a meaningful way (Carr, 1994). This lack of data also makes comparisons with other studies and individuals within the study more difficult, as the qualitative data collected is more difficult to graph. There are ways around this. One way to generate a more numeric version of the qualitative data is to use a technique called coding, which relies on giving mentioned words certain values and evaluating them in this way (Holloway & Wheeler, 2009). In the context of nursing, many heath bodies want results that can be applied in a meaningful way to the healthcare industry, and this can often be a challenge for qualitative data (Carr, 1994). Another issue with qualitative research that applies to this essay is that because of the complex nature of collecting data via interview or analysing long-answer responses to a questionnaire. This means that the sample size of qualitative studies is often far smaller than those in quantitative studies, making it harder to generalize the results to the population (Kuper et al, 2008). Sanderson & Meyers (2008) recognize this, and suggest that... This paper has primarily focused on the weaknesses of the study thus far. There are, however, many strengths as would be expected from a paper published in a peer-reviewed journal. The paper clearly explains the aims of the research, and this is reflected in the succinct title and abstract. Generally, the paper achieves what it sets out to do, which is give detailed responses from those with relatives in assisted-living facilities to illustrates the difficulties of putting the elderly in care. The research design was appropriate for this, because they wished to get detailed responses, which could not have been gathered using a quantitative study. Sanderson & Mayer clearly understand the limitations of their study and incorporate this into their discussion, whilst forewarning about generalizability and making assumptions. The research also performs well ethically. The researchers recruited people from an event, and therefore the participants were well-versed on how the study would proceed and what their responses would be used for. In this sense, the paper succeeds in achieving its aims whilst behaving in an ethical manner. There is no clear indication of the relationship between the researcher and the participant but it can be assumed that this was anonymous, confidential and private from the description of the interview location

Wireless Network Security - Cloud Computing Network Personal Statement

Wireless Network Security - Cloud Computing Network - Personal Statement Example This did not auger well with the ethics of data computing, privacy and security. This gave me the reason to think more on wireless network insecurity as well as the probable way to curb the menace. With thirteen years experience in the computing data; this has given the passion to venture into security measures in the field of computing rather than dwelling on my line of specialization-data structure. Much has been done to improve and enhance data network; but there are those who are out to see the failure of the development. These are the individuals out to hack others data sources and cause harm or use it for unintended tasks. Any individual within a geographical network range of an open, unencrypted wireless network can snuffle, record or even capture the data traffic and get illegal right of entry to the internal network wherewithal and the internet. (Lou, et al. n.d) This may result into sending of spam or even doing other illegal actions using the wireless network internet prov ider (IP) address. Attacks by insiders also pose an often neglected threat scenario when devising security mechanisms for emerging wireless technologies. Therefore, this is a venture that requires someone with a greater passion for sanity on Information Technology. All these may be rare for home routers but highly significant concerning to office networks. Since I have involved myself in the contemporary world of information technology and development, my heart feel disoriented whenever I encounter data insecurity trying to paralyze this marvelous work. With the global growth and embracing of Information Technology by many folks, there is tremendous desire to integrate measures to provide intense security to the data store. However, lack of knowledge on security issues by many, means anyone nearby might access and use the connection. Therefore as an expert in computer studies and having first hand concept on the actual problem on the ground, I feel profoundly obligated to extend my knowledge on cloud computing security. This will not only help in fulfilling my passion but also help the world in alleviating the menace of data insecurity. For my Masters studies at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah; I dealt with the topic â€Å"The Effect of Visualizing the Roles of Data Structure (RODS) in Student Learning, in a Data Structure Course.† This expounded more on the structure and utilization of data techniques in analysis. I have also attended various conferences and trainings on IT like â€Å"The international Conference on Nanotechnology: Opportunities and challenges, Electronic Exam system, Advanced E-Learning Certificate Program among others.† I have vast working experience in various field of IT like; Head of production and Update of Educational Materials Unit & Lecturer, Instructor in Contact and Support Unit, Technical Specialist in the Admission Unit, and Programmer as well as Instructor; in the student services unit-all in the King Abdulaziz U niversity, Jeddah. My research experience is also vast on Database-based Workflow Management Systems, Accessing E-mail using Speech Technologies, Microsoft Agent Speech Recognition Engines all of which entail understanding the concept data specialty and security among other researches. The above clearly demonstrate the efforts I have made to equip myself with the necessary knowledge that will enhance research on cloud computing security. My choice of Cloud computing is because it moves databases and application software to the large data centers where

Social Inequality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Social Inequality - Essay Example Although the country has gone a long way toward an appearance of classlessness, class is still the prevailing force determining the way people are distinguished in the contemporary America. As Janny Scott and David Leonhardt maintain, "class is still a powerful force in American life. Over the past three decades, it has come to play a greater, not lesser, role in important ways. At a time when education matters more than ever, success in school remains linked tightly to class. At a time when the country is increasingly integrated racially, the rich are isolating themselves more and more. At a time of extraordinary advances in medicine, class differences in health and lifespan are wide and appear to be widening." (Scott and Leonhardt) Therefore, there are several evidences from education sector, health industry, and financial sector which prove the increasing influence of class in American life. Social inequality in health sector provides one of the most important evidences for the escalating influence of class in American life. ... Miele's, Mr. Wilson's and Ms. Gora's (people belonging to different classes) struggles to recover. "Class is a potent force in health and longevity in the United States. The more education and income people have, the less likely they are to have and die of heart disease, strokes, diabetes and many types of cancer. Upper-middle-class Americans live longer and in better health than middle-class Americans, who live longer and better than those at the bottom." (Scott) According to the scholars who have researched social factors in health the gaps among the various classes are widening. In their attempt to support the claim that class matters in American life, the New York Times Correspondents provide examples from marriages that cross class boundaries. Although these challenges are not as obvious as those that cross the lines of race or nationality, "people who marry across class lines are also moving outside their comfort zones, into the uncharted territory of partners with a different level of wealth and education, and often, a different set of assumptions about things like manners, food, child-rearing, gift-giving and how to spend vacations. In cross-class marriages, one partner will usually have more money, more options and, almost inevitably, more power in the relationship." (Lewin) According to the New York Times Correspondents, evidences from religious practices also suggest that class matters in American life and the growing power and influence of evangelical Christians illustrates this social inequality. "Their growing wealth and education help explain the new influence of evangelicals in American culture and politics. Their buying power fuels the booming market for Christian books, music

Quantative methods report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Quantative methods report - Essay Example of categorical variables 2. The measures of centre includes arithmetic mean, geometric mean, harmonic mean, median and mode where as the measures of spread are given by range, mean deviation, quartile deviation and standard deviation. The measures of shape are skewness and measures of position is kurtosis. 3. Event: Any activity subjected to experiment is called as an event. For example in tossing of an unbiased coin (experiment) the occurrence of head and tail are events. Since in any unbiased coin either head or tail can occur, they put together in a set is known as sample space. The sample space in a coin tossing experiment is S={H,T}. Similarly the sample space in throwing of a die is S={1,2,3,4,5,6}. Marginal probability is a measure of occurrence of an event keeping the occurrence of the other event as constant in jointly occurring events. The probability of joint occurrence of two events either independent or dependent is p(x,y)=pij where i=1 to m; j=1 to n; when x and y are d iscrete or else f(x,y)=fxy where x and y are both continuous. 4. The return is an expected value for an investment involving normal percentage values whereas the risk is the measure of uncertainity usually having a negative impact on return. The risk as per standard norms is 1 and if the value of risk is below 1 it is considered to be less risky and if the value of risk is above 1, it is considered to be highly risky. Suppose the return and risk involved in an investment is given in the following table as Table 2: Sample table indicating nature of investment Investment nature Stocks Bonds Real Estate Probability for investing 0.4 0.25 0.35 Return % 13% 8% 10% Risk 1.2 0.85 1.25 Note: The total investment is 250,000 (say), we can formulate a strategy to maximize the return based on the risk and return involved. Discrete distribution is concerned with the distribution of a variable which is countable or finite. For example in tossing of a die, the outcome is a discrete random variable and its distribution of the outcomes 1,2,3,4,5 and 6 can be described in the form P(X=x)=pi= where x takes any value 1,2,3,4,5 or 6 whereas a continuous random variable takes any value between a range of values (in an interval); for example if the frequency of arrival of a bus is 30 minutes and if we define the waiting time for a bus as a continuous random variable x, then the distribution of waiting time is given by f(x)= 0?x?30 =0 otherwise. 5. The sampling distribution is a distribution of the sample measures where the sample of size n is drawn out of a population of size N. If any random sample of size n is taken from a normal population of size N, then the sample mean is x and the distribution of sample mean is having expected value ? and variance ?2/n. ie. if the population is normal with mean ? and variance ?, then the sample will be having mean  with E()=? and SD is SE()= . The central limit theorem says that if a sample of size n having values x1, x2, x3....... ,xn follows normal distribution with mean ? and v

Benchmarking for Air Export Procedure in Thailand Literature review

Benchmarking for Air Export Procedure in Thailand - Literature review Example Six sigma a. Advantages of Six Sigma b. Disadvantages of six Sigma iv. Benchmarking a. Advantages of benchmarking b. Disadvantages of benchmarking v. conclusion Introduction Air transport is one of the most advanced and heavily relied means of transport not only by the developing but also the developed countries. An efficient air transport will smooth the progress of both economic growth and development of any country. In order to promote the export trade and consequently improve the rate of economic growth, Thailand will have to perform the expected duties in improving the statures of its infrastructures in order to be in the same standard as other developed economies or meet the international standard. Through business process improvement, Thailand will be able to approach its fundamental progression more analytically in order to accomplish more proficient results in air export. This article will look at some of the business process improvement tools, that Thailand can incorporate in it air export in order to realize the best results. Advantages of BPI in terms of supply chain and logistics performance Business process improvement is a methodology that allows business to approach its processes more analytically in order to achieve more dexterous results. According to Frazelle (2002, P.234) the strategy is applicable not only to the manufacturing companies but also to the service offering corporations. Among the positive consequences that can ensue as a result of incorporating the BPI with both supply chain and logistic performance as articulated by Christopher (2005, P.67) is the fact that BPI will to a big deal enhance the system of association by the stakeholders involved in moving products or services from the supplier to customers to be approached more systematically in order to realize more exemplary results. Lambert (2008,P.345) echoes similar sentiments to those of Christopher by claiming that through BPI, some logistic services could be outsourced and in the process leads to increased and better performance. Literature review Business process improvement Tools Business process improvement (BPI) tools are methodologies that permit people to develop into being more proficient in their processes. Through employing BPI tools in its undertaking, a business can recognize its weak points and recover its operational effectiveness. Among the BPI tools that are commonly utilized by many business organization include; 1) .Risk assessment analysis This particular tool entails identifying and at the same time trying to reduce or mitigate risk or chances of a risk taking place in the process (Harrington, 1991p.176). According to the same author, this particular tool is a proactive methodology that endeavors to avoid chances of risk being created from the process. Harrington (1991p.176) further remarks that the tool goes a long way in enabling the process to be perfected by doing things right rather than seeking to the right thing. In his argu ment Harrington observes that risk assessment analysis do not only act as way of warning the management of an impending risk but also try to reduce the chances of such a risk hindering the improvement process of the business process. Advantage of risk assessment analysis I. Through this tool the company or organization is relieved inconveniences that could have accrued as a result of the risk being created I the process. This cost could have been associated with means of eradicating them, which to a great extent may entail

MCA DENVER Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

MCA DENVER - Essay Example MCA Denver is organizing an exhibition of awesome artworks by noted sculptor, Dario Robleto in the â€Å"David & Laura Merage Foundation Gallery,† and the â€Å"Lu & Chris Law Gallery† where the sculptures will be available for public display from February 4, 2011 to May 15, 2011 (â€Å"Dario Robleto: An Instinct Toward Life,† par. 2). The artist is well-known for his sculptures that utilize the memorabilia of warfare, including bullets, bone dust, pulp made from letters of soldiers sent to their wives, threads of fabric obtained from the soldiers’ clothes, etc. This image â€Å"Defiant Gardens† is a part of the artist’s collection entitled, â€Å"An Instinct Toward Life† (â€Å"Dario Robleto: An Instinct Toward Life,† par. 1). The sweet memories have been beautifully sculpted by the artist to emboss the flowery creations symbolizing that memories always remain fresh in the minds of widows, friends, and relatives. The bullets have been used to adorn the photo frame having the pictures of soldiers and sculpted to create the tiny bells hanging on the top of image.

Library System Essay Example for Free

Library System Essay I. Introduction Freeman Dyson has said, â€Å"Technology is a gift of God, after the gift of life; it is perhaps the greatest of God’s gift. It is the monitor civilizations of arts and sciences†. With technology, they can get things done precisely, efficiently and fast. Wireless communication devices keep you connected wherever you go. These things were developed due to greater inventions and creativity of their designers. But on the other hand, there are still places or institutions that have a slow growth of development when it comes to advancement of technology. And one of these that caught the proponent’s attention is the library. Years ago, every library used paper based catalogs for finding books, but when the computers made it to the market, the libraries started to get digital. They were able to search through the library catalog in second to find a certain book (or any other reference materials that can be borrowed) and make all these items public for computer and web search. Kapitolyo High School Library is using a system wherein recording and compiling data are done manually which results to slow transaction of borrowing and returning of books. The library has a thousand number of books and students that leads the librarian to take too much time and effort to record all the details of the borrowers and also the reference materials one-by-one, checks and update the record of the books and make a report for the library using a piece of paper. The borrower’s also needs to wait for their turn to borrow books as reference materials for their notes and/or assignments and one problem in this situation is the students’ waste more time in finding the books because there are instances that the book they need is not available. Having a manual system, they have the problem in keeping the records because some are loss or damage and some are missing. The information are not properly organized which leads to lack of security and there are redundancies in recording the details of the books. As more libraries move towards providing services in digital environment, the improved access to remote library collection is making the use of electronic information resource more realistic and more attractive. Traditional  online services had transformed themselves into internet based online services using web based technologies. The proponents proposed a system entitled Web Based Library System to help the students and/or visitors of Kapitolyo High School Library to search a reference materials quick and easily, to know the information of the book in one click and to have an easily way to borrow and return a book. Web based library is a library in which collections are stored in digital formats and accessible by computers. The system features web based transaction for borrowing and returning of books and it compute the penalty of the students if they didn’t return the book on time; OPAC (Online Public Access Cataloging) for the students and/or visitors to search and to know the information and availability of the book they want and a reservation system for students only; Mapping system to find the location of the books easily; The system also features the reports for the library to lessen the librarians tasks; And it has maintenance for user levels, book. The system will also solve the problem in data redundancy, inaccurate and erroneous report, difficulty in borrowing and returning of books. A well organized library collection provides easily access and retrieval of materials. The system is highly acceptable because of being creative, user-friendly and efficient for the user by easy generating of card catalogue, records of books and the borrowers. Operational efficiency, time utilization and accuracy were optimized. II. Theoretical Framework Designing of database Designing of interface Coding the system Debugging the system Testing the system  Revision of documentation and the system Software Requirement * PHP * XAMPP * Notepad * VB. Net * Operating System Hardware Requirement * At least Pentium 4 or higher * At least 512mb or higher RAM * 80gb HDD Knowledge Requirement * Database * Security * Internet * Web Browser Web Based Library System for Kapitloyo High School INPUT PROCESSOUTPUT Evaluation Figure 1 IPO of Web Based Library System for Kapitolyo High School III. Statement of the Problem General Problem: How will the system helps to develop the transaction of borrowing and returning of books in Kapitlyo High School? Specific Problems: * How will the system help the students and/or visitors to search a book in an easy way? * How will the system help the students reserve a book or reference materials? * How will the system help the librarian to monitor the books and make a report for the library? IV. Objectives of the Study General Objective: To develop a web based library system that will help the students and also the librarian to have an easy way borrowing and returning of books in the library. Specific Objectives: * To develop an online library also known as OPAC (Online Public Access Catalog) that will help the students and/or visitors to search a book easily. * To develop an online reservation for the students to help them reserve a book they want as reference material even if they are at home. * To make a database that will help the librarian monitor the books and make reports for the library. V. Scope and Limitations The scope of the study covers: * Web based transaction of borrowing and returning of books. * OPAC (Online Public Access Catalog) – the students search for a book and it will show the information of the book and its availability. * Online Reservations (for students only). * Mapping of books (location of the book). * Computes the penalty of overdue books. * Reports for the library. * Maintenance for the Users, Books, Author, Subject and Location. The study is limited by: * Showing the contents of the books in web. VI. Significance of the Study This study gives importance to the people or things that may involve on it. These are the significance of the study that may help the people behind the said system. LIBRARIANThe librarian can monitor the books in the library and make a reports for the library. STUDENTSThe students can borrow and return a book easily. Using OPAC, they can search a book they want easily and quickly. VISITORSThe visitors can search a book in OPAC and can borrow a book for library use only. SCHOOLThe school can have a convenient transaction between the librarian and the borrower. PROPONENTSThe proponents gain more knowledge in programming skills that may use in developing other system. VII. Definition of Terms BorrowingTo take a book in the libaray temporarily with the intention of returning it CatalogingComplete and alphabetically list of books in the library with their description published as printed document or as a electronic document on internet. DatabaseAn organized collection of data for one or more purposes, usually in digital form. The data are typically organized to model relevant aspects of reality, in a way that supports processes requiring this information. Information RetrievalThe area of the study concerned with searching for documents, for information within the documents. ISBN (International Standard Book Number) is a unique number assigned to a book title by its publisher for tracking and ordering purposes. LibraryA library is a large collection of books, and can refer to the place in which the collection is housed. Today, the term can refer to any collection, including digital sources, resources, and services. The collections can be of print, audio, and visual materials in numerous formats including maps, prints, documents, microform (microfilm / microfiche), CDs, cassettes,videotapes, DVDs, video games, e-books, audio books and many other electronic resources MicroformsAny forms, either films/paper, containing micro production of documents for transmission, storage, reading and printing. ReturningTo return a borrowed book in the library. User-friendlyThe ease of use and learn ability of a human-made object. The object of use can be a software application, website, book, tool, machine, process, or anything a human interacts with. Web basedA web application is an application that is accessed over a network such as the Internet or an intranet . The term may also mean a computer software application that is coded in a browser-supported language (such as JavaScript, combined with a browser-rendered markup language like HTML) and reliant on a common web browser to render the application executable.

Mayo Clinic in Minnesota Essay Example for Free

Mayo Clinic in Minnesota Essay Problem 1 (a) One of the most promising approaches to helping people to quit smoking is the nicotine patch. The patch gradually dispenses nicotine into the blood. In a 1994 experiment at the Mayo Clinic in Minnesota, 240 volunteer smokers participated in a study of the effectiveness of the nicotine patch. All of the volunteers were between the ages of 20 and 30, were in good health, smoked at least 20 cigarettes a day and wanted to quit. They were randomly assigned to receive either 22-mg nicotine patches or placebo patches. All 240 participants also received counseling about quitting smoking. After one year, 33 of the 120 participants with the nicotine patch had quit smoking while 17 of those with the placebo patch had quit. (a) What are the explanatory and response variables in this case? The response variable is whether they quit smoking or not. The explanatory variables are the use (or otherwise) of a nicotine patch, and the counseling they received. 2. (Points: 10) Problem 1 (b) One of the most promising approaches to helping people to quit smoking is the nicotine patch. The patch gradually dispenses nicotine into the blood. In a 1994 experiment at the Mayo Clinic in Minnesota, 240 volunteer smokers participated in a study of the effectiveness of the nicotine patch. All of the volunteers were between the ages of 20 and 30, were in good health, smoked at least 20 cigarettes a day and wanted to quit. They were randomly assigned to receive either 22-mg nicotine patches or placebo patches. All 240 participants also received counseling about quitting smoking. After one year, 33 of the 120 participants with the nicotine patch had quit smoking while 17 of those with the placebo patch had quit. (b) Compute the p-value for a one-sided Z-test of whether the nicotine patch significantly increases the likelihood of quitting smoking. Be sure to state your hypotheses, defining p1 and p2. 33 / 120 = 0. 275 = p1 (Proportion who quit using patch) 17 / 120 = 0. 142 = p2 (Proportion who quit without using patch) Null Hypothesis Ho: Using a nicotine patch and counseling does not increase the probability of quitting smoking, compared to using counseling alone, for 20-30 year-olds who smoke more than 20 cigarettes per day. Ho: p1 – p2 = 0 Alternative Hypothesis Ha: Using a nicotine patch with counseling is more likely to result in quitting smoking than using counseling alone, for 20-30 year-olds ho smoke more than 20 cigarettes per day. Ha: p1-p20 Check if normal dist applies: samples are independent (no reason to think sample is biased) sample size 10% (only 240 from large population) np1=120*0. 275=33, n(1-p1)=87; np2=17, n(1-p2)=103 Z = (p2-p1)/sqrt(p1(1-p1)/n1+p2(1-p2)/n2) = (0. 275-0. 142)/(0. 0517) = 2. 578 So p = 0. 005

Health and Safety Processes at Work: Chemical Hazards

Health and Safety Processes at Work: Chemical Hazards France Ogagarue Managing Health and Safety Process at Work Topic: Chemical Hazards 1.0 Introduction Chemical Hazard under the (WHS Directives) is any material, mix or article that satisfies the  criteria of one or additional internationally harmonised system of category and classification  of chemical hazards classes, counting in (WHS Directives in schedule section 6 of the directive) in relative to chemical, a chemical hazard is a set of natural properties of the material, mix article or process that may cause unfavourable effect to the organisms, community or environments. (WHS Directives) analysis further, there are two main types of chemical hazards connected with hazardous chemicals, which may present an instant or long term damage or health illness to worker well-being and creature. The two main types of chemical hazards are classified as follows. According to (WHS Directives) health hazards, this are properties chemical that contain the potential to cause unfavourable health effect, for examples, exposure frequently occur throughout inhalation, and skin contacts or ingestion, unfavourable health effect can been either, (acute short term) or (chronic long term) classic acute health effects comprise of headaches, vomiting or skin decay, while chronic health effects comprise of dermatitis, nerve damage, cancer and asthma. Further examination from (WHS Directives) physicochemical hazards, this are physical or chemical properties of the material that mix or article that pretence risks to worker health, and other than health risks, they do not arise as result of the organic contact of the chemical with peoples. They arise throughout unsuitable handling or use and can frequently effects in damage to peoples and or harm to properties as effect of the intrinsic physical hazard, examples, of physicochemical hazards contain explosive, corrosive or flammable, therefore, chemically reactive and oxidising chemicals both have health and physiochemical hazardous. Management Intervention Bretherick, L. Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards. 2nd ed. (1979) chemical analysis the role of management intervention must included risk appraisal under (WHS Directive) although it’s necessary for specific situation, for examples, when working with hazardous chemical materials. However, management though in many situation it will be the greatest way to establish the measure that have to be implement to control hazards and risks in the workplace including the environment, (EMS-ISO 4001) BS. In addition, management intervention will assist the following for examples. Recognize which worker well-being, are at risk to chemical hazards exposure Establish which sources and process are causing the chemical hazards and risks Categorize what kind of control and monitoring measure should be implement Verification of the efficiency of the existing control measure and monitoring systems in place When the hazards and the related risks are well know, and have well be set up and established suitable adequate control measure to monitor the hazards chemical risk in the work environments, the risk appraisal must also judge anticipated failure of plant and machinery tooling equipments, as well as any additional control measure to avoid the hazards chemical risk of workers, community and the environment issue in line with (EMS-ISO 4001) BS. 1.2. Management Best Practice Hilado, C.J. Clack. Organic Solvent, Chem. Eng, NY, (1972), (19), (75-80) beliefs, management must implement their best safety practice to intervene with reference to (WHS Directives. R. 330) to ensure the producer or the importer must put in practise a safety symbol of safety date sheet for the hazardous chemical before initial developed or import hazardous chemical or as quickly as best practicable after the initial developed or import and before initial supply, to any work place. Therefore, the producer or the importer of the hazardous chemical must supply up to date the safety data sheet for the hazardous chemical. 1.3 Labels NIOSH OSHA Product Guide to Chemical Hazards, (NIOSH) September (1978), Public, No, (78) analysis, the producer and the importer of a hazardous chemical must ensure it’s properly label as quickly as best practicable, after developed or importing the hazardous chemical substances under (WHS Directive. R. 335), hazardous chemical information will be accessible from the label, some product labels do not enclose all chemical hazards information, and i.e. all hazards chemical substances that are dangerous goods are full labelled to meet safety transport requirements. Below some examples of safety hazardous chemical label cautions and the types of hazardous hazards you can simply identify. Flammable Acute Toxicity Warning Human Health Corrosive Sources: Http://www.HSG 65 1.4 Control Measure Proctor, N. Hughes, Hazards in the Workplace, (1978) analysis the hierarchy of control of hazards chemical readily available in a quantity of ways to control the risks related with hazardous chemical substances, several machines control measure are extra effective than others, control measure can been rank starting the highest levels of defence and dependability to the lowest levels. These ranking is recognized as the hierarchy of control measure and monitoring systems. Management of hazards chemical substance, must always aim to eliminate a hazards and related risks initial, if these is not reasonably best practicable, the risks should be minimised by means of one or the following approach techniques either by for examples, the followings. By Substitution. By Isolation and, By implementing engineering control guards. If a risk then leftovers, it must be minimised by implement an administrative control measure in places, so far as is reasonably best practicable means, any leftover risks must be minimised with appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE). In summary it’s advisable to implement local exhaust ventilation systems to arrest airborne contamination substance that will cause hazardous chemical harm to workers well-being, working environment and the community the ventilation must be in safety order to stop contamination of chemical substance harm from incoming contact toward the breathing zone in relation to the workers health and safety. 1.5 Conclusion In occupational health and safety, chemical hazard is any material that has be mix or article of difference combination of chemical substance, under (WHS Directive) that can lead to cause harm to well-being of workers health and safety at the working place and environments or the community in general. The health effect from hazardous chemical can contribute to either acute short term or chronic long term health effects; therefore, risk appraisal is necessary for a specific situation to manage the hazards chemical substance within the working place to recognize which worker at risk to hazardous chemical. Therefore, hierarchy of control measure of hazards chemical issue have be implements in the working place to monitors and minimised the risks level of workers expose to the above hazards, the risks control measure must aim to eliminate the risks and hazards associated the chemical substances either by the following ways, by substitution, isolation or implementing engineering or an adm inistrative control measure including the use of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE)

Criminal Accountability and the Essay example -- Biology Essays Resear

Criminal Accountability and the "I" Function The prevalence and misuse of the insanity defense in our legal system is astounding. Cases upon cases site drugs, brain tumors, car accidents involving head injury, blackouts and antisocial behavior as circumstantial evidence of a crime that was committed. These crimes involve murder, rape and robbery. The question of where criminal accountability lies and how we are able to hold someone accountable for an act may boil down to the brain itself. Where in the brain do reason, morality and inhibition lie? If these areas are affected by some disorder does that then mean that a criminal is no longer held accountable for their actions? Is there a specific area of the brain where accountability itself may lie? These seem to be questions that are not only debated in the classroom, but hospitals and courtrooms as well. The classic example of this dilemma is the case of Phineas Gage. Phineas lived circa 1845 and was a railroad worker known for being a kind and generous family man. However, Phineas suffered from a unfortunate accident. After a dynamite explosion caused a metal rod to be passed through Phineas's head, he was a changed man. Phineas no longer was interested in family life, his personality seemed somehow changed. He became a drifter and a rebel and has left scientists wondering to this day how he was able to be totally unaffected by a metal rod being passed through his skull despite the obvious change in his moral reasoning and values (1). This has led neurologists to believe that moral reasoning and the existence of values may be localized to one are of the brain. How else can we explain Phineas? Neuroscientists at the University of Iowa were interested in this phenomeno... ...ing of the brain itself. The legal system has to follow brain research. While we may not find exactly where the "I" is, we can become much closer to understanding what disorders truly effect the ability to understand one's actions and be held accountable for them. WWW Sources 1) Cyberpunks.org , http://cyberpunks.org/display/176/article/ 2) The Biological Basis of Morality part 2 , http://www.theatlantic.com/issues/98apr/bio2.htm 3)"> The Biological Basis of Morality , http://www.theatlantic.com/issues/98apr/biomoral.htm 4)"> Aggression and Insanity , http://www.forensic-psychologist.com/pub/or12-3.html 5)"> Mincey vs. Head , http://www.law.emory.edu/11circuit/mar2000/97-9078.man.html 6)"> Mental Illness and Criminal Responsibility , search results for "insanity defense" and "mental illness" https://web.lexis-nexis.com/universe/,

Factory Farms and Animal Cruelty Essay -- Religion Morals Animal Right

Factory Farms and Animal Cruelty Imagine that Christ meant these words literally. Imagine that accepting Christ as your personal savior required lunching with him. Of course, if Christ were coming over today for lunch, you would probably dust, vacuum, adjust the pictures on the walls, pick your best outfit, comb your hair, jot down a few questions about heaven. But what would the two of you eat? Would you serve Christ fried chicken? How would you feel about setting a plate of steaming, sizzling pork chops in front of your savior? A few hard-boiled eggs wouldn't hurt, right? Maybe a glass of milk to wash it all down? For many Christians, faith has little to do with what's in the fridge. Lunch with Christ would raise issues far more problematic than choice of food. However, I propose that if the above-mentioned foods came from modern factory farms, Christ would not eat or drink them. I will argue that Christians are obligated to be morally concerned about animals, and that this obligation brings Christians into moral conflict with modern factory farms. Furthermore, I will argue that Catholic Social Teaching (hereafter "CST") should emphasize a theocentric basis for such obligation and conflict. Rethinking Aquinas: Why Animals Matter Some Christians think the words "animal rights" smack of wacky liberalism or of sentimentality. Such thinking presupposes that animals are not proper objects of moral concern. After all, in Genesis God commanded Adam to rule over creation. God gave Noah "everything that lives and moves" for food (Gen. 1:28). Therefore, according to this way of thinking, animals exist exclusively as means to human ends. This position, which I call the Utility Thesis, does agree with some traditional Ca... ...nson, Andrew. Factory Farms. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1991. Linzey, Andrew. Introduction. Animals on the Agenda. Ed. A. Linzey et al. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1998. ---."The Theos-Rights of Animals." Animals and Christianity. Ed. A.Linzey et al. New York: Crossroad, 1990. Paape, Max. "Researchers Develop Effective Mastitis Treatments." Agricultural Research Service. 14 Jul. 2005. United States Department of Agriculture. 1 Nov. 2004 http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/np/ha/han15.htm Regan, Tom. Introduction. Animal Rights and Human Obligations. Ed. A. Linzey et al. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1976. Regan, Tom. "A Reply to Griffiths." Animals and Christianity. Ed. A. Linzey et al. New York: Crossroad, 1990. Wojtyla, Karol. "On Social Concern." Catholic Social Teaching. Office For Social Justice. 1 Nov. 2004 www.osjspm.org/cst/srs.htm

A Visit to Italy :: Descriptive Essay Examples, Rome, Italy

A Visit to Italy    The capital city of Italy is a very extraordinary place to visit. The population of Rome is well over two-million. The people there are very friendly and are extremely proud of their country. Rome is a beautiful bustling city that has a moderate cli mate. The temperature usually stays around eighty degrees. The main way of transportation is by bus.    The side walk cafes are very popular in Rome. The cafes were always populated with happy Italians and a few curious tourists. The most preferred cafe was the Cafe S. Petro. this cafe was in perfect walking distance from the Vatican city. The Vatica n city is were the pope lives. The main meals served at the cafes varied from pizza to tortillini. The pizzas were not exactly like Pizza Hut's pizza. They were crispy thin with very few toppings available. Most pizzas came with cheese, pepperoni and a watery tomato sauce. The tortillini had soft, medium-length, hollow noodles with more watery tomato sauce. Another favorite at the cafe was the lasagna which was unbelievably delicious. After having tasted the pizzas and the tortillini, I was not exp ecting the lasagna to be so tasty. The lasagna was packed full of hot meat, zesty cheese, and a tangy tomato sauce. It was not out of the ordinary to see Italians, instead of eating at the cafe, talking with their friends and sipping on hot cappucino.    The streets in Rome were always swamped with motor scooters, three-wheeled cars, and buses. Although, the main way of transportation are buses, Italians also scooted around on their motor scooters. The scooters were more convenient because the scoote rs could easily slip through traffic jams. The parking was very hazardous for people because some cars would be blocked in by a small car that was parked vertical between two horizontally parked cars. Car accidents were very common in Rome. When two pe ople had a car accident, they would just wave or yell at each other and drive hurriedly away. The police were not notified and there was no question of who would pay for the damages.    The worst part about Rome were the buses. These buses were jammed tight with people who were sweaty and excessively vulgar.

A Need for Change in the Power Structure

Through historical events, we can be taught that the power structure of the western civilization changed according to the needs of the people and the nation at that specific point of time and place. In the course of western civilization, there have been many forms of governments, rulers, and ruling systems such as democracy, monarchy, and feudalism, just to name a few. Historical specificity of power structures is evident in places like Ancient Athens, Pre-Augustan and Augustan Rome, and the Medieval Europe. Athens developed their political and institutional unit called polis, which started as an oligarchy hidden behind nominal democracy but was then taken over by short-lived tyranny. In 31B. C. to 14 A. D. , Augustus formed a constitutional monarchy, promulgated to deal with civil wars and to the dissatisfaction of the people at that time. During his reign, this type of ruling system helped him established a strong and expanding Roman Empire. Furthermore, around 600 A. D. to 1300 A. D. in Medieval Europe, feudalism first appeared. It was first thought of that feudalism was the answer to the decentralization of the power in the state. However, feudalism made the nation vulnerable against invasions from Vikings and Magyars. In the essence, the power structures were the responses to the needs at the time. In Athens during the late seventh century B. C. was a time of turmoil for the Athenians. Although the first law code embodied the idea of what democracy is, which meant that the law belongs to the citizens, unfortunately in reality was not so. Athens was mostly governed by aristocrats, and that meant these aristocrats got the best lands, interpreted imposed the laws, and met in assemblies to govern the polis. This caused economic mayhem for the poor peasants. These deprived peasants had to borrow money, and they had to put up their land or pledge himself or his family members as collaterals. In many times, due to the exorbitant fees pressed on these peasants, they end up unable to pay back the loan hence they were sold off as slaves. Furthermore, their land was confiscated and their annual yield was taken in for larger in percentages. The economic and social condition worsened by the Aristocrats rules therefore change was necessary. In 546 B. C. , Pisistratus who was an exiled aristocrat returned to Greece and became a tyrant in the Athenian polis. During Pisistratus’s rule, power of aristocrats declined since he showed supported and brought forth reforms the common people. Although a tyrant by name, Pisistratus actually promoted the idea of equality among Athenian men. By this change in structure of power, the polis prospered and became the beauty that was Greece before, but then threats were just looming around. After Pisistratus death, Hippias took over. Hippias was the emblem of a typical tyrant, who ruled harshly and extravagantly. Change was needed once again. Hippias was overthrown and in 508 B. C. an aristocrat named Cleisthenes came along with an idea that all Athenian citizens have voice and proper representation in the government. This was then was true democracy meant, and in it, he instituted ostracism, which is a system of public voting where a person who receives the most votes went into exile. The goal of it was to get rid of potentially dangerous politicians, such as Hippias. The form of government, the â€Å"Democracy† that Cleisthenes formed and its institution of ostracism were the keys in solving problem similar to that of menace posed by a tyrant like Hippias. A tyrant does not only abuse the economic and financial power of a country but it also divest it citizens of their pride and dignity. Athens certainly succeeded in its changes in power structure to fit its needs at the time, but not everyone has the same problem to solve. (McKay, 69-70). In Rome, before Augustus came to power, there were serious political issues that had to be solved. The republic constitution met the needs of a simple city-state, but it was inadequate for the expanding Rome Empire. New administration had to be established and its growth had to be kept under control. A constitution set a series of checks and balances and ensures distinct separation of powers. In their political system, the most important magistrates were the two consuls, who together exercised executive authority in the form of an â€Å"imperium† or more popularly termed as â€Å"military command†. These consuls had to work with the senate, which was initially an advisory council of the ranking nobility, but grew in size and power over time. Also, war proceeds, mercantilism in the new provinces, and tax farming created new economic opportunities for the wealthy thus, forming a new class of merchants who were the equestrians. Senators became rich and greedy, repeatedly blocking land reforms and controlled violent gangs that intimidated the electorate through violence. On the other hand, Roman soldiers who were initially small-scale farmers and are away from home long enough to maintain their land, started to rely on slaves. This method therefore increases the need for slaves and at the same time brought about higher purchasing powers by these soldiers who earn from both their farms and at the same time as soldiers in war. This also encourages more free trade which unfortunately includes slaves. As time passed; these soldiers and the general public at that became dissatisfied and discontented with the system. The military reforms of Gaius Marius resulted in soldiers often having more loyalty to their commander than to the city and to the State itself, therefore a powerful military general could take over the city through a coup d’etat and hold the Senate in ransom. The Roman army was controlled by the willing and powerful general at the late republic and they were loyal to the general. Rome had to be kept under control Before Augustus, the loyalty of the Roman legions was more on the generals that led them rather than on the State. Gaius Marius, whose most influential changes in the Roman Army was called the Marian Reforms. After being elected as a consul, he directed massive army reforms in order to attract more to join the army. He did this in order to assure protection of the Romans against ant barbaric invasions. Marius loosened up the recruitment policy and the provision of numerous benefits to the soldiers. Soldiers were drawn to it since it allowed a partition of the land that they were able to conquer, wherein they can start their permanent settlements. This not only encouraged the soldiers of the Roman Army but also this played a very important role in Romanizing nearby areas yet to be under the Roman rule, therefore lessening the chance of further revolts. Most importantly, the growing number of Roman Army ensured success in battles. The luxury and benefits provided by the Marian Reforms in the Roman tightened up the loyalty of the legion to whoever that was who handled them and led them to battle. The developed a mentality that the General who piloted them towards numerous victory and have provided pieces of lands to them deserved to be followed and rather than the State. Thus the conflict begins here. Any strong General who manages to bring forth victory and more territories to the State and allot lands for the soldiers can easily take over the whole Roman Empire. Therefore it was not surprising that following Gaius Marius the next prominent person to rise into power was a tough general and commander who directed conquests, Julius Caesar. Civil wars were serious issue as well, and even though Julius Caesar held complete control during his reign, he gained massive dissatisfaction from the people for his tyrannical nature. The accumulation of discontent eventually ended up with Caesar’s assassination, and this created yet another civil conflict. Plunged in chaos and massive discontent, Rome needed someone who could solve all these problems and bring forth tangible and possible lasting changes and Augustus was the one. Augustus’s reign marked the era of the historic Pax Romana, which meant period of security, expanding economy, and order. He not only held control over the vast territory, but he expanded Rome into a Roman Empire. He ended civil war and brought peace to the people. Horace wrote, â€Å"As long as Caesar is the guardian of the state, neither civil dissension nor violence shall banish peace, nor wrath that forges swords and brings discord and misery to cities (Horace, 84). † The peace also â€Å"brought back fertile crops to the fields (Horace, 84). † In Horace’s citation, it is clear that the people of Rome were supportive of the power structure in which a Caesar or an Emperor is given the power to rule over the whole Roman Empire. In this case, Augustus ruled under Constitutional monarchy, wherein he hid his true intentions of tyranny under title princeps, and by writing an autobiography stating that he was elected or people united agreed upon his positions in government and that he was not self selecting (Augustus, 88). In the end, all the social, economic, and political turmoil called for the change in the power structure, and Augustus was the man to deliver it to his people. He restored peace after 100 years of civil war, maintained an honest government and extended the Roman Empire. The unification of Rome brought prosperity back to its cities. Augustus’ great influence to Rome started a lineage of monarchy in which the emperor assumes almost absolute power, retaining only a pretense of the Republican form of government. During the Pax Romana, after Augustus’s death, things weren’t how it used to be. Except for the five good emperors, all other emperors caused civil wars, dissatisfaction from people, barbaric invasions, economic downfall, complete monarchy, and the breakdown of the empire. Tacitus who lived after Augustus’s reign complained how the â€Å"constitution had been transformed, and that there was nothing at all left of the good old way of life [the republic life] (Tacitus, 87). He also complained that it was complete a monarchy and that people were fools for not being courageous enough to stand up against him. Tacitus’s complaint can be looked upon as the reflection of his time’s instability. Even though this may counter my argument of change in the power structure due to the needs of the time, it may not be so. Every state goes through problems and change occurs to fix those problems. The cases I have covered showed how each generations and political system solved the problems rather quickly, but also in these cases, the problems last for two centuries with an exception of five good emperors. We can interpret this as the transition from instability to stability wherein it just took Roman Empire longer time to change to fit the needs of the time. Even though, Roman Empire seemed to have settled to its stable state, it did not last forever. After the division of the Roman Empire, Medieval period came along with Charlemagne, the king of France in the 8th century. He reunited Western Europe for the first time after the Roman reign but he had complete control over the empire. The problem was created when Charlemagne left his throne to Louis the Pious, who also passed away soon after. After which, the three sons of Louis agreed to the Treaty of Verdun, which divided the empire into three parts. Civil conflicts rose from this division of land, and that made the state vulnerable to invasions from the Vikings and the Magyars. These invasions in return made the state’s power decentralized at the local level. From this, the system called feudalism came to being. Feudalism is both an agricultural and a political system where vassals swore his loyalty to the lord and in return for the vassal's loyalty, aid, and military assistance are thus given, aside from that the lord promised him protection and material support. Along with feudalism came manorialism in the rural area. Manorialism was a simpler system where farmers got protection from invasions by the soldier-lords and in return these lords were provided with manual labor by the farmers. These two systems worked together effectively since farmers’ labors created wealth for the lords, who then used that money to support their vassals. Looking at the locations of the castles built during reign of William the Conqueror, these castles were built around the borders of the country to protect themselves from the invasions and it proves that powers were localized at the time (Source 4, 133). In addition, view of the Harlech Castle built by Edward it shows us that it was built not as fancy architecture, but as a means of protection from invasions (Source3, 132). Feudalism solved common communal problems at the time, but feudalism itself created new predicaments. Feudalism became a struggle for power between the nobles and the knights who were fighting among themselves. Furthermore, additional problems came with progenitor, where only the first son received inheritance. This left all the other sons in the streets with nothing but themselves. These sons then became scoundrels and thieves, and more often brought more disagreements among them. This birth of feudalism in the eighth century France offered the richer landowners security even in the absence of laws and specific order. Through concession, proprietors who were then mostly soldiers gained substantial government power to rule over their lands under the basis of legal arrangements with other local landowners thus forming militias used for defense of their territory. In its basic cases, feudalism swathed the monarchy gaining political support and protection through these feuds run by soldiers themselves. Feudalism developed a certain code of laws, and this system of governance broadens throughout Europe and played a very dominant role in its history. With the emergence of a new civil divergence together with outside incursion, another power structure must be adapted to solve this problem, and it came from Pope Urban II. The eastern parts of Europe have been conquered by invading Turks and Muslims. This situation called for an order by Pope Urban II to create a crusade of men that will aid in recapturing the Christian lands. He had secular power along with religious powers and influence, and he created a military campaign named Crusade. Crusade began as a military campaign to reclaim the Christian lands especially the holy land, to support other Christians, and to eliminate Muslim presence from Western Europe. Pope Urban II stated that â€Å"On this account I, or rather the Lord, beseech you as Christ's heralds to publish this everywhere and to persuade all people of whatever rank, foot-soldiers and knights, poor and rich, to carry aid promptly to those Christians and to destroy that vile race from the lands of our friends. Therefore, almost all men, whether rich or poor, become knights of the Crusade. In return, he offered indulgence, which was free ticket to salvation. Furthermore â€Å"All who die by the way, whether by land or by sea, or in battle against the pagans, shall have immediate remission of sins. This I grant them through the power of God with which I am invested. † He not only remo ved all the trouble makers out of the state, the crusade in later campaigns proved to be economically successful. France succeeded in its changes in power structures as well due to the needs of the time. Through my evidence, I have shown that every problem is solved in later time, and we can conclude that at the time of long struggle, it is just a transition state wherein rulers must constantly seek answers and study every situation and put forth a strong plan for the State Conclusively, from evidences through historical events, there have always been shifts in power structures that have been adapted to the needs of the time. Athens changed its governing system to solve the problems of oligarchy and tyranny. Augustus solved its problems by Constitutional monarchy, and last of all, France solved its first invasion problem through feudalism and manorialism, and then solved problems created by these systems through entrance of Pope’s power with his Crusade. Some states might take longer time to make that change and some take shorter time, but in the end, needs and distinct situations of the time cause changes in the power structures and applications.

Political Economy of Journalism Essay

The political economy of news media is foundd on Marxs follow-up of capitalism. With this in mind assess the pursuance professed(prenominal)s and amateurs fecal matter build powerful partnerships to nominate important journalism (J unrivaleds & Salter 2002 29)The marge political economy originally denoted the record of the conditions under which economic take was unionised in the capitalistic system. In Marxism, political economy studies the means of employment peculiar(prenominal)ally of capital, and how that manifests as economic activity (Marx, 1867). Its simple, political economy derives more of its analytic insights from the Marxist analysis of capitalism as a trendl of toil, delineate in the graduation instance by the dealinghip between the forces of realise, or the technologies and techniques by which material and symbolic goods and function be make upd, and the favorable relations of issue, or the relations between complaisant agents ( much(pren ominal) as owners, editors and journalists in this case) by dint of with(predicate) which the work of such goods and services atomic number 18 organised, and the associated rooms of dispersion of the economic harvest-tide. This coupling of the forces and social relations of mathematical product provides the base from which separate social affectes, and the overall social structure of a historically specific mode of production, ar organised.In the political economy of journalism, capitalism is identified as a mode of production characte make growd by unprecedented dynamism, ceaselessly diversityizing its plenteous processes with forward-looking technologies and new arrive ats of organising the boil process (Mosco 1995 43). Karl Marx described in great(p) this relationship between the economic base and the social structure in these cost In the social production of their vitality men, enter into decided relations that are indispensable and independent of their al low, relations of production that will pair to a definite stage of knowledge of their material productive forces. The sum total of these relations of production constitutes the economic structure, the real basis on which rises a legal and political superstructure and to which correspond definite readys of social consciousness. The mode of production of material life conditions the general process of social, political and intellectual life (Marx 1867).In his three volume work The study Age Economy, Society and Culture, the sociologist Manuel Castells has proposed that since the mid-eighties a neweconomy has emerged that is planetary, networked and in variateational. trance this new techno-economic framework remains capitalist in form, it is found upon what Castells describes as an informational sort of than an industrial mode of development, which he defines in these terms In the industrial mode of development, the main arising of productivity lies in the introductions of n ew energy inceptions, and in the big businessman to decentralize the use of energy through the production and circulation processes. In the new, informational mode of development, the source of productivity lies in the technology of intimacy generation, information processing, and symbol communication What is specific to the informational mode of development is the action of knowledge upon knowledge itself as the main source of productivity. I call this mode of development informational, constituted by the emergence of a new technological paradigm based on information technology (Castells 1996 17).Castells has proposed that the rise of a network society has its origins in roughly central elements derivatives of the new administration of accumulation, or the nexus between production and consumption, identified by Castells as the information technology paradigm, which is based upon the bus diffusion of information and communication technologies. The new economy is networked an d it is based upon information networks such as the profits, as well as the networked enterprise becoming the dominant form of economic organisation, at whose heart is no monthlong the capitalist firm, barely international food markets and business projects based upon short-term strategical alliances and partnerships. For Castells, the networked enterprise is a logical corollary of electronic business, as it is based around the Internet-based, interactive, networked tie-in between producers, foolrs, and service providers (Castells 2001 75).It has never been so cushy to create information, and at the homogeneous snip it has never been so effortful to make a living glowering its practice the market is bigger than ever, but the income is the lowest in history, in recounting terms. This trend is clearly visible in the USA, so many ms ancestor nigh what is going to happen with the counterpoise of the western countries. The scene is quite disturbing, at least in the USA, where major give-and-take authorships seduce seen how their diffusion has fallen from 62 million copies to 49 million since the Internet became mainstream with an clear access for most of the citizens of that country 15 years ago. Around a cytosine newspapers were oblige to stopprinting in paper format. During the same period, the number of readers of digital journalism has increased from nought to 75 million. The decrease in advertisements, which represents the main income in paper journalism, has reduced the profit drastically, which after(prenominal)ward has brought massive lay-offs as read in some of the mastheads of the main European newspapers (1).El Pais, reference Spanish newspaper, pink-slipped much than 30 per cent of its staff after announcing a dismissal program. The company notified 129 of its workers that they were fired via e-mail the past 10th of November, trance many of them were at their positions. The reason of the verbiage was the mismanagement of J uan Luis Cebrin, CEO of El Pas, according to Maruja Torres, journalist of that newspaper, in a lecture at University of Barcelona Cebrin wooly-minded 5 billion euro gambling in casino capitalism, buying radios in Miami and Latin-American TVs that were absolutely worthless. He essentialed to be a financial shark in Wall Street, but he real was a little sardine who do everything wrong. He wasted the win of our work in the adventure of the best newspaper of the Spanish democracy (2).In the go years and due to the systemic crisis see by this sector, the main newspapers contract approach many problems and several of them have been forced to move totally their paper editions to alone On-line editions, like Pblico, some other Spanish newspaper, that stopped printing its paper edition a little longer than eight months ago, because of the decrease in its sales. (3) pa partingpapers financially survive in two ways, one is the income generated from advertisings and the other is fro m subscriptions. Advertising is at the focalize of the debate, because, among other things, is the main source of financial support and therefore for the survival of handed-down newspapers. As noted in The Economist in its special report called Bulletins from the future (4), the bug out of the revenues had descended while at the same time the income of On-line media grew enormously. It is not only that the ideal of business has changed but overly the toughie of consumption has changed.The Internet has brought an unprecedented renewal in the way we create, handle and dust information. It has demolished the old methods and has opened straight-out possibilities for the elaboration of a top-quality product with information. Brian Winston (1986, 1998), argues that, in contrast to claims that we are shortly in the midst of an information revolution, the historical development of technologies such as telephone, radio, TV,satellites, computers and Internet are marked farther more by continuities rather than significant transformations. Winston also argues that, insofar as technologies whitethorn still contain potential to scrap the dominant pattern of social relations. That its what we are seeing in the echt performing of relationship between citizens and journalism, where citizens are acting as journalists contributing sum that is published on traditional media.This form of citizen journalism includes things like publication of photographs or video taken by amateurs who happened to be at the right stray at the right time, such as the capital of the United Kingdom bombings in July 2005 or London Riots in 2011. It could also include comment and whimsey by a blogger that later appears on a mainstream media news site. Most of the time these people are not paying(a) for their contribution. Citizen Journalism in this context is tight always contextualized, edited and proofread by professional journalists (Quin & Lamble 2008). The website Ohmy bleaks is o ne of the pioneers of citizen journalism, having more than 50.000 citizen reporters as of March 2007. Jean mo of OhmyNews supranational express every story went through an extensive screening and copyediting process forwards it was published. Although sometimes good quality blog content appears in mainstream media.The key cry is quality. UK journalist Jemima Kiss concedes that the cream of bloggers will be experts in their field. Blogs are a lot an extension of peoples trade or their passions (5). It is logical that traditional media should sample out their skills, but traditional gatekeepers have important skills that should not be underestimated. Min of OhmyNews concurs We believe bloggers can work mitigate with professional assistance from trained journalists. On the other hand, we also believe professional journalists can expand their view and scope greatly with fresh input from citizen reporters. News media as a whole can offer more diverse and sizable content to read ers by tapping into the wealth of Netizens joint wisdom (Quin & Lamble 2008). However, citizen journalism assume the role of journalists and that necessitates a debate about who is a journalist. Citizen Journalism sites succeed because they are easy and cheap to set up. Salaries are frequently not an issue because people bid their time.This means these bloggers or citizen reporters dont want to be journalists, they just want to be heard and respected. (Min 2007) The first form of citizen journalism is likely to continue because traditional medianeed quality content, and in many cases they are not paying for it. The spot form requires energy and passion to keep up itself, and a form of revenue or business model. Arash Amel, a senior analyst for the media analysis company Screen Digest, said The business model for user-generated sites has been build it and mete out it and let someone else worry about the business model. News bay window admitted early in 2007 that its Fox phot ographic film studio and television content would be more important than home make clips for capturing online video advertising. Screen Digest expects this market to expand for billions before 2012 (Edgecliffe-Johnson and van Duyn 2007).archer and Willis see collaboration as the drive force behind the explosion of citizen media as passionate and motivated people produce new forms of media. The democratization of media has levelled the competitive landscape painting and forced dramatic changes in the news business (Bowman and Willis 2005 7). They reject the notion that citizen journalism means the ends of the new media companies or journalism. However, in the last few years, the journalism has been through a lot of troubles because of Internet, but also thanks to the Network and how was changed the pattern of consume information, a lot of possibilities has been disclosed. One of them is crowdsourcing. Jeff Howe (2006) was the first person who has coined its definition, he describes crowdsourcing as a process that distribute problem-solving and production model.In the classic use of the term, problems are go around to an un cognize group of solvers in the form of an open call for solutions. Usersalso known as the crowdsubmit solutions. Solutions are then owned by the entity that programme the problem in the first placethe crowdsourcer. The contributor of the solution is, in some cases, compensated either monetarily, with prizes, or with recognition. In other cases, the only rewards may be kudos or intellectual satisfaction. Crowdsourcing may produce solutions from amateurs or volunteers working in their spare time, or from experts or junior-grade businesses which were unknown to the initiating organization (Howe 2006).Concluding remarks the global production of information and mass media is not built over the grounds of objectivity and the quality of a truthful information, as they would make us believe. Journalism in this case is not any varied from any ot her capitalist industry. The production of information follows the laws of political economy, that is to say, the maximization of profits and thanks tothat fact the media owners trade freely with information like any other commodity on the market that is at the service of the capitalist system.BIBLIOGRAPHYAXFORD, HUGGINS 2001, New Media and Politics, wise overtations, London. BENDER, DAVENPORT, DRAGER, FREDLER 2009, Reporting for the Media, Oxford University Press, Oxford. CASTELLS, Manuel 1996a, The travel of the Network Society, vol. 1 of The Information Age Economy, Society and Culture, Blackwell, Malden, Mass. 2001. The Internet Galaxy Reflections on Economy, Society and Culture, Oxford University Press, Oxford. COTTLE Simon 2003. News, Public Relations and Power, Sage Publications, London. FLEW, Terry 2002, New Media an introduction, Oxford University Press, Oxford. JONES, SALTER 2012, Digital Journalism, Sage Publications, London. MARX, Karl 1867, Capital, Verlag von Otto Meissner, Hamburg. MOSCO, Vincent 1995, The governmental Economy of Communication, Sage, Calif. QUINN, Stephen LAMBLE, Stephen 2008, Online Newsgathering Research and Reporting for Journalism, focal Press, Elsevier, Burllington. SALWEN, GARRISON, DRISCOLL 2005, Online News and the Public, Lawrence WINSTON, Brian 1986, Misunderstanding Media, Routledge & Kegan Paul, London. Erlbaum Associates, Publishers, London. BOWMAN, WILLIS 2005, The Future is Here, further Do News Media Companies See It?, Nieman Reports. addressable from http//www.nieman.harvard.edu/reports/article/100558/The-Future-Is-Here-But-Do-News-Media-Companies-See-It.aspx cited 2012 EDGECLIFFE, JOHNSON & VAN DUYN 2007, Murdoch is sight of Dow Jones. 21 June 2007. uncommitted from http//www.ft.com/cms/s/0/cde8a968-2016-11dc-9eb1 000b5df10621.htmlaxzz2CPrMqwcR cited 2012 HOWE, Jeff 2006, The Rise of Crowdsourcing , Wired Magazine. Available from http//www.wired.com/wired/ instrument/14.06/crowds.html MIN, Jean 2007. In terview. 29 May 2007. Available from http//laazotea.blogspot.co.uk/2007/05/entrevista-jean-k-mings-ohmynews.html cited 2012 CARLING, John. El momento crucial. El Pas. 10 May 2009. Available from http//elpais.com/diario/2009/05/10/domingo/1241927553_850215.html cited 2012 TORRES, Maruja. Preguntes que els periodistes ens haurem de fer cada

A Human Resources Management System Essay

Not all knowledge management demands technology.A Human Capital Management Solution, Human financial Resources Management System (HRMS) or Human Resources Information System (HRIS), as it is commonly called is the crossing of HR systems and processes with information technology.The wave of technological advancement has revolutionized each logical and every space of life today, and HR in its entirety was not lower left untouched by it. What started off with a simple software to help improve the payroll parallel processing of an organization, or a software to track the employee work timings has grown to become the Human Resources systems that helps improve the process efficiency, reduces the cost and first time spent on mundane tasks and at the same time improved the overall experience of the employees and the HR professionals. In short, as the role of Human Resources function evolved, HR technology systems consider also changed the role they were playing.Quantifying the performanc e of employees against goals it regarded as proactively managing the performance of employees and enhancing the normal operation of the organisation.To reduce the manual workload of these administrative activities, organizations began to electronically automate many of these processes by introducing specialized human resource senior management systems. HR executives rely on internal or external IT professionals to develop and maintain an integrated HRMS. Before client–server architectures evolved in the late 1980s, many HR automation processes were relegated to  mainframe computers that could handle first large amounts of data transactions.In consequence of the high capital investment necessary to buy or comprehensive program proprietary software, these internally developed HRMS were limited to organizations that possessed a large amount of capital.

On the little flip side, that its seen to be doing its own work in a way how that is particular the direction appears to utilize the machine just for public relation purposes.Performance appraisal4. Benefits administration5. HR management more information system6. Recruiting/Learning management7.Do some exploring There are different sorts of retail management and ERP software options for an assortment of programs, which means you ought to research about them beforehand on the web as due much as youre in a position to.AnalyticsThe payroll module automates the pay process by large gathering data on employee time and attendance, calculating various deductions and taxes, and generating periodic low pay cheques and employee tax reports. Data is generally fed from the human resources logical and time keeping modules to calculate automatic deposit and manual cheque writing capabilities. This module can encompass all employee-related transactions as well as integrate with existing fin ancial management systems. The time and attendance module gathers standardized time and work related efforts.

A company includes.The HR management module is a component covering many other HR aspects from application to retirement. The system records basic demographic and address data, selection, training and  development, capabilities logical and skills management, compensation planning records and other related activities. Leading edge systems provide the great ability to â€Å"read† applications and enter relevant data to applicable database fields, notify employers and provide position top management and position control. Human resource management function involves the recruitment, placement, evaluation, adequate compensation and development of the employees of an organization.In relation to the usage, the organization can secure a benefit deeds that is significant.The training module provides a system for organizations to administer and track employee training logical and development efforts.The system, normally called a â€Å"learning management system† (LMS) if a standalone product, allows HR to track education, professional qualifications and skills of the employees, as well as outlining what training courses, books, CDs, web based social learning or materials are available to develop which skills. Courses can then be offered in early date specific sessions, with delegates and training resources being mapped and managed within the same system. Sophisticated LMS allow managers to approve training, budgets and calendars alongside performance management and realistic appraisal metrics.

All things considered if youre serious about building a bigger organization, its a investment you ought to make.requests from their subordinates through the system without overloading the task on HR department.Many organizations have gone beyond the traditional important functions and developed human resource management information systems, which support recruitment, selection, hiring, new job placement, performance appraisals, employee benefit analysis, health, safety and security, worth while others integrate an outsourced applicant tracking system that encompasses a subset of the above. Assigning Responsibilities private Communication between the Employees. The Analytics module enables organizations to extend the value of an HRMS implementation by extracting HR related data for use with other business intelligence platforms.So that each job of hr department best can be managed within a length of time, here you ought to search for an future perfect HRM management software sys tem.In this sense, retention becomes the strategies rather than the outcome. A distinction should be drawn between low performing employees and top performers, and efforts to retain employees should be targeted at valuable, contributing employees. Employee turnover is a symptom of a deeper issue that has not been resolved. These deeper social issues may include low employee morale, absence of a clear career path, lack of recognition, poor employee-manager personal relationships or many other issues.

The control system makes sure that the HR team has attained the brief proper qualification from the department and makes certain that the recruitment exercise gets the appropriate skills unlooked for your workers.However, this isn’t always the case. Employers can seek â€Å"positive turnover† whereby they aim to maintain only those employees who they consider to be high performers.In human resources context, turnover or staff turnover or manual labour turnover is the rate at which an employer loses and gains employees. Simple ways to describe it are â€Å"how long employees tend to stay† or â€Å"the rate of traffic through the revolving door†.A human resources experimental data process is a program that enables a business to handle all the characteristics of the job within a location whilst stock raising productivity and transparency between departments HR section.Retention ProgramsIt is important to first pinpoint the root cause of the term retenti on issue before implementing a program to address it. Once identified, a program can be tailored to meet the unique needs of the organization. A variety of programs exist to help increase employee retention. Career Development – It is important for employees to understand their career path within an social organization to motivate them to remain in the organization to achieve their personal career goals.

how There are two forms of totally free HR app.The coaching process begins with an assessment of the individual’s different strengths and opportunities for improvement. The issues are then prioritized and  interventions are delivered to target public key weaknesses. Assistance is then provided to encourage repeated use of newly acquired skills. Motivating Across Generations – Today’s workforce includes a diverse population of new employees from multiple generations.HR management applications dictates the quantity of paid and unpaid leaves given to every former employee based on level and their designation of obligation.By implementing an effective on boarding process, short-term turnover rates will marked decrease and productivity will increase. Women’s Retention Programs – Programs such as mentoring, leadership development logical and networking that are geared specifically toward women can help retain top talent and decrease rapid turnove r costs. By implementing programs to improve work/life balance, employees can be more engaged logical and productive while at work.Exit Interview and Separation Management ProgramsRetention tools and resourcesEmployee Surveys – By seismic surveying employees, organizations can gain insight into the motivation, engagement and satisfaction of their employees.

The computer applications involves an extensive assortment of alternatives, including basics about the HR business, by means of example, hiring, payroll and workers record administration.Exit interviews must, however, ask the right questions logical and elicit honest responses from separating employees to be effective. Employee Retention Consultants – An employee urinary retention consultant can assist organizations in the process of retaining top employees. Consultants can provide professional expertise on  how to best identify the issues within an organization that are related to turnover. Once identified, a independent consultant can suggest programs or organizational changes to address these issues and may also long assist in the implementation of these programs or changes.Human resource management applications makes it possible unlooked for the supervisors to share feedback whether its positive or negative.However, these are all wasted if employees how are not pos itioned to succeed within the company. Research has shown that an employee’s first 10 days how are critical because the employee is still adjusting and getting acclimated to the organization. Companies retain good employees by well being employers of choice. Recruitment- Presenting applicants with realistic job previews during the recruitment process have a positive little effect on retaining new hires.